Ethical and Logistical Issues Raised by the Advanced Donation Program “Pay It Forward” Scheme

Ethical issues raised by genetically modified microorganisms

Unlike experiments carried out on humans and animals, applications involving microorganisms and their genetic modification do not cause pain and suffering as generally understood. The ethical problems raised by genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) therefore mainly related to the impact they have on the Earth's biosphere. As microorganisms can be found everywhere, including in the ecologic...

Pay it forward.

Tells the story of a social studies teacher (Kevin Spacey) who gives an assignment to his junior high school class to think of an idea to change the world for the better, then put it into action. When one young student (Haley Joel Osment) creates a plan for 'paying it forward' favors (pyramid style!), he not only affects the life of his struggling single mother (Helen Hunt), but he sets in moti...

Issues raised by "incidental findings" and their ethical implications.

Social and ethical issues in mitochondrial donation.

INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND The UK is at the forefront of mitochondrial science and is currently the only country in the world to legalize germ-line technologies involving mitochondrial donation. However, concerns have been raised about genetic modification and the 'slippery slope' to designer babies. SOURCES OF DATA This review uses academic articles, newspaper reports and public documents. ...

Transient nature of cooperation by pay-it-forward reciprocity

Humans often forward kindness received from others to strangers, a phenomenon called the upstream or pay-it-forward indirect reciprocity. Some field observations and laboratory experiments found evidence of pay-it-forward reciprocity in which chains of cooperative acts persist in social dilemma situations. Theoretically, however, cooperation based on pay-it-forward reciprocity is not sustainabl...